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AFRICA
Mobutu Sese Seko - , president of Zaïre (1965–97)
Laurent Kabila, president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2001)
Joseph Kabila, son of Laurent, president of the Dem. Republic of the Congo (2001–)
Hassan II, king of Morocco (1961–1999)
Muhammad VI, king of Morocco (1999–)
Frederik Willem de Klerk, South African president (1989–94)
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, South African president (1994–1999)
Thabo Mbeki, South African president (1999–)
Muammar Al-Qaddafi, de facto Libyan Head of State (1969–)
Haile Selassie, emperor of Ethiopia (1930–74)
AUSTRALIA
Malcolm Fraser (1975–1983)
Robert J. Hawke (1983–1991)
Paul Keating (1991–1996)
John Howard (1996–)
AUSTRIA
Rudolf Kirchschläger (1974–1986)
Kurt Waldheim (1986–1992)
Thomas Klestil (1992–2004)
Heinz Fischer (2004–)
CANADA
Kim Campbell Conservative 1993
Jean Chrétien Liberal 1993–2003
Paul Martin Liberal 2003–2006
Stephen Harper Conservative 2006–
CHINA
Mao Zedong, founder of the People's Republic of China (1943–76)
Deng Xiaoping, Chinese revolutionary and government leader (1945–89)
Li Peng, Chinese premier (1987–98)
Jiang Zemin, president of China (1993–2003)
Hu Jintao, president of China (2003–)
FRANCE
Charles de Gaulle 1959–1969
Georges Pompidou 1969–1974
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing 1974–1981
François Mitterrand 1981–1995
Jacques Chirac 1995–
GERMANY
Helmut Schmidt 1974–1982
Helmut Kohl 1982–1990
GREAT BRITAIN
James Callaghan (Labour) 1976–1979
Margaret Thatcher (Conservative) 1979–1990
John Major (Conservative) 1990–1997
Tony Blair (Labour) 1997–2007
Gordon Brown (Labour) 2007–
INDIA
Indira Gandhi, Indian political leader, prime minister (1966–77, 1980–84)
Rajiv Gandhi, prime minister of India (1984–89)
H. D. Deve Gowda, prime minister of India (1996–1997)
Atal Bihari Vajpayee, prime minister of India (1996, 1998–)
INDONESIA
Suharto (1967–1998)
B. J. Habibie (1998–1999)
Abdurrahman Wahid (1999–2001)
Megawati Sukarnoputri, daughter of Sukarno (2001– )
IRAN
Amir Abbas Hoveida, Iranian political leader, prime minister of Iran (1965–77)
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iranian Shiite religious leader (1979–89)
Mohammad Khatami, president of Iran (1997–)
IRAQ
Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr (1968–1979)
Saddam Hussein (1979–2003
IRELAND
Presidents
Patrick J. Hillery (1976–1990)
Mary Robinson (1990–1997)
Liam Hamilton, Seamus Pattison, Liam Cosgrave, and Brian Mullooly, presidential commission (1997)
Mary McAleese (1997–)
Prime Ministers
Charles Haughey (1979–1981, 1982, 1987–1992)
Garrett FitzGerald (1981–1982, 1982–1987)
Albert Reynolds (1992–1994)
John Bruton (1994–1997)
Bertie Ahern (1997–)
ISRAEL
David Ben-Gurion (1948–1953, 1955–1963)
Moshe Sharett (1953–1955)
Levi Eshkol (1963–1969)Yigal Allon, acting (1969)
Golda Meir (1969–1974)
Yitzhak Rabin (1974–1977, 1992–1995)
Shimon Peres (1977, 1984–1986, 1995–1996)
Menachem Begin (1977–1983)
Yitzhak Shamir (1983–1984, 1986–1992)
Benjamin Netanyahu (1996–1999)
Ehud Barak (1999–2001)
Ariel Sharon (2001–)
JAPAN
Morihiro Hosokawa 1993 – 1994
Tsutomu Hata 1994 – 1994
Tomiichi Murayama 1994 – 1996
Ryutaro Hashimoto 1996 – 1998
Keizo Obuchi 1998 – 2000
Yoshiro Mori 2000 – 2001
Junichiro Koizumi 2001
JORDON
Kings
Hussein (1952–1999)
Hassan, regent (1998–1999)
Abdullah II (1999–)
MEXICO
José López Portillo (1976–1982)
Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (1982–1988)
Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988–1994)
Ernesto Zedillo (1994–2000)
Vicente Fox Quesada (2000–)
PAKISTAN
Miraj Khalid (1996–1997)
Pervez Musharraf (1999–)
PHILLIPINES
Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965–1986)
Corazon Aquino (1986–1992)
Fidel V. Ramos (1992–1998)
Joseph Estrada (1998–2001)
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001–)
POLAND
Wojciech Jaruzelski (1989–1990)
Lech Walesa (1990–1995)
Aleksander Kwasniewski (1995–)
PORTUGAL
António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes (1976–1986)
Mário Soares (1986–1996)
Jorge Sampaio (1996 –)
USSR
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin 1917–1924 1870
Aleksei Rykov 1924–1930 1881
Vyacheslav Molotov 1930–1941 1890
Joseph Stalin8 1941–1953 1879
Georgi M. Malenkov 1953–1955 1902
Nikolai A. Bulganin 1955–1958 1895
Nikita S. Khrushchev 1958–1964 1894
Leonid I. Brezhnev 1964–1982 1906
Yuri V. Andropov 1982–1984 1914
Konstantin U. Chernenko 1984–1985 1912
Mikhail S. Gorbachev 1985–1991 1931
Presidents of Russia
Boris Yeltsin 1991–1999 1931
Vladimir Putin2000–1952
SOUTH AMERICA
ARGENTINA
Raúl Alfonsín, president of Argentina (1983–89)
Carlos Saul Menem, president of Argentina (1989–1999)
Fernando de la Rúa, president of Argentina (1999–)
BRAZIL
Fernando Collor de Mello, president of Brazil (1990–92)
Itamar Franco, acting for Collor (1992–95)
Fernando Henrique Cardoso, president of Brazil (1995–)
CHILE
Patricio Aylwin Azócar, president of Chile (1990–94)
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, president of Chile (1994–2000)
Ricardo Lagos Escobar, president of Chile (2000–)
PERU
Alberto Fujimori, president of Peru (1990–2000)
Valentín Paniagua, president of Peru (2000–2001)
Alejandro Toledo, president of Peru (2001–
URAGUAY
Luis Alberto Lacalle, president of Uruguay (1990–95)
Julio María Sanguinetti Cairolo, president of Uruguay (1995–2000)
Jorge Batlle, president of Uruguay (2000–)
VENEZUELA
Octavio Lepage, acting (1993)
Ramón José Velásquez, interim (1993–1994)
Hugo Chávez (1999– )
SPAIN
Felipe González Márquez (1981–1996)
José María Aznar (1996–2004)
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004– )
SWEDEN
Gustaf V (1907–1950)
Gustaf VI Adolf (1950–1973)
Carl XVI Gustaf (1973– )
TURKEY
Turgut Özal (1989–1993)
Süleyman Demirel (1993–2000)
Ahmet Necdet Sezer (2000–)
VIET NAM
NORTH
Presidents
Ho Chi Minh (1945–1969)
Ton Duc Thang (1969–1976)
SOUTH
Presidents
Ngo Dinh Diem (1955–1963)
Duong Van Minh (1963–1964, 1975)
Nguyen Khanh (!964)
Phan Khac Suu (1964–1965)
Nguyen Van Thieu (1965–1975)
Tran Van Huong (1975)
Huynh Tan Phat (1975–1976)
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